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The Copenhagen–Tartu school of biosemiotics is a loose network of scholars working within the discipline of biosemiotics at the University of Tartu and the University of Copenhagen. The school has been instrumental in developing biosemiotics as a new perspective on the study of life, in the biological and environmental sciences. Notable semioticians working in the Copenhagen–Tartu school are: Kalevi Kull, Jesper Hoffmeyer, Peeter Torop, Claus Emmeche, Timo Maran, Mihhail Lotman.〔The institution of semiotics in Estonia. 2011. ''Sign Systems Studies'' 39(2/4). Compiled by Kalevi Kull, Silvi Salupere, Peeter Torop, Mihhail Lotman ()〕〔Favareau, Donald (ed.) 2010. ''Essential Readings in Biosemiotics: Anthology and Commentary''. Berlin: Springer.〕〔Barbieri, Marcello (ed.) 2008. ''Introduction to Biosemiotics: The New Biological Synthesis''. Berlin: Springer.〕 Occasionally also the name 'Tartu–Bloomington–Copenhagen school' has been used,〔''International Handbook of Semiotics'', Springer, 2015, p. 98. ()〕 as having succeeded the earlier Tartu–Moscow school.〔Deely, John 2010. ''Semiotics Seen Synchronically: The View from 2010''. New York: Legas, pp. 32, 95–97.〕 The biosemiotic co-work between the Tartu and Copenhagen groups was established in early 1990s.〔Hoffmeyer, Jesper; Kull, Kalevi 2011. Theories of signs and meaning: Views from Copenhagen and Tartu. In: Emmeche, Claus; Kull, Kalevi (eds.), ''Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs''. London: Imperial College Press, 263–286. P. 270.〕 In 2001, Tartu and Copenhagen scholars inaugurated the annual international conferences for biosemiotic research known as the Gatherings in Biosemiotics, later organised by the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies.〔Rattasepp, Silver; Bennett, Tyler (eds.) 2012. ''Gatherings in Biosemiotics''. (Tartu Semiotics Library 11.) Tartu: University of Tartu Press.〕 The School values classical works of Jakob von Uexküll and Juri Lotman. ==Key texts== *Emmeche, Claus; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) 2011. ''Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs''. London: Imperial College Press. *Hoffmeyer Jesper 2008. ''Biosemiotics: An Examination into the Signs of Life and the Life of Signs''. Scranton, University of Scranton Press. *Kull, Kalevi; Deacon, Terrence; Emmeche, Claus; Hoffmeyer, Jesper; Stjernfelt, Frederik 2009. (Theses on biosemiotics: Prolegomena to a theoretical biology ). ''Biological Theory: Integrating Development, Evolution, and Cognition'' 4(2): 167–173. *Kull, Kalevi; Emmeche, Claus; Favareau, Donald 2008. Biosemiotic questions. ''Biosemiotics'' 1(1): 41–55. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Copenhagen–Tartu school」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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